Mean

Alpha systematics is concerned with the classification of species is based on the morphological traits.

Antioxidants is chemical substances which prevent oxidation of fats and subsequent ‘spoilage of the food’.

Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms containing cell wall (features of plant cell only).

Chemosynthetic bacteria are aerobic bacteria found in hot acidic sulfur springs.

Crustose lichens are flat lichens and appear as a crust of paint on a surface, e.g. Caloplaca flavescens.

Experimental systematics means using transplant experiments to investigate evolutionary processes.

Experimental taxonomy means using transplant experiments to investigate evolutionary processes.

Flagella means long filamentous appendages consisting of filament, hook and basal body.

Foliose lichens have leafy structure, e.g. Hypogymnia physodes.

Fruticose lichens are branched lichens, form filamentous branching, e.g. Cladonia evansii Usnea australis, etc.

Gram positive bacteria is gives positive test with Gram stain.

Halophiles is anaerobic bacteria found in extremely strong salt conditions.

Heterothallism is phenomenon of having two genetically different and compatible sexual strain in two different thalli.

Kingdom-Plantae are chlorophyllous autotrophs and have cell walls. They are mostly sedentary and act as producers in the ecosystem.

Long-term adaptation are permanent changes in response to changing environment.

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